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The Twin Suns of Earth…..

Luke Skywalker contemplates his future and stares at the twin suns of Tattooine ….and at times under the right conditions we can stare at our twin suns as well…. even though we have only one Sun.
Our atmosphere is a strange thing at times. When someone asks you what time the sun rises or sets, you should ask them if they want the apparent sunrise or the actual sunrise. Due to atmospheric refraction, an apparent sunrise occurs shortly before the sun crosses above the horizon. This is because light from the sun is bent, or refracted, as it enters earth’s atmosphere. As a result, the apparent sunrise is earlier than the actual sunrise. And of course apparent sunset occurs slightly later than the actual sunset.
The bending of light in the atmosphere is changed by things such as air pressure and relative humidity and a number of other factors that change the way light appears through the atmosphere. It also changes depending on how close to the poles you are.
You can also get an effect shortly before the Sun sets where you see a green band along the top edge of the Sun. Not that this means the Sun is changing color to a nice shade of green…. it is simply a visual effect caused by how the atmosphere under certain conditions treats particular colors in the light spectrum. For instance, why is the sky blue during the day and transparent at night? You got it… the effect of light refraction through our atmosphere.
Now you can also get the double-sun effect and we have included a couple of examples below. Not only can the sun take on a twin, but you can also at times see double moons and double rainbows under the right conditions.
A double rainbow happens when sunlight is reflected through the drops of water twice, the first time to create the first rainbow and the second rainbow created with the second reflection coming at a different angle.
A double sun effect also occurs in particular conditions when the Sun is near the horizon and it too is caused by the effect of refaction. Also clouds can play a apart as the light reflects off the the cloud layers at a different angle.
And then of course we have a condition called the Phantom Sun where you see the three suns. Also light refraction but this time with the aid of ice crystals in the upper atmosphere.
Unfortunately some groups have suggested the 2nd sun is Elenin. However they are wrong as we would have well and truly have known about it around the world if there was another object the size of our sun anywhere near us…… one minute we are orbiting one sun… the next we are orbiting the next one. Instant chaos and planets colliding with each other.
Of course a 2nd Sun would not just materialize out of nowhere…… we would have seen it approaching thousands of years ago. And Elenin is still just beyond the orbit of Mars and is certainly not a source of light like our Sun is or even large enough. At best Elenin is only 12km in diameter.
So there is no double sun ………Just visual tricks caused by light refraction….

The picture below is a good example of a sundog which appears as a colored patch of light to the left or right of the sun and at the same distance above the horizon as the sun when close to the horizon. You can even see the reflection of the sundog in the water as the sundog is bright enough…..and notice how far away it is from the suns reflection in the water…. in fact it appears twice.

Updated 21st June
As there has been discussion about the picture directly above, we decided to add another 2 pictures of the same shot.
Note the position of the “2nd Sun” in the sky in the left hand picture compared to where it is in the right hand picture. If that is a second Sun,the right hand picture is telling us it is closer to us than the mountains in the distance.
Perhaps a camera professional can explain this. By the way the last 2 pictures seem to have been taken on a different day from the first one as there are no clouds in the sky.
By the way, we have been accused of lying to you guys about this post ……
(Click to Enlarge)

As the picture below shows, even sundogs reflect off water.
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~ by sydneystargazers on June 20, 2011.

 

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