ประกาศข่าวแผ่นดินไหว(&การคาดการณ์)

<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" align="center" border="0" bordercolor="#669933" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="600"><tbody><tr bgcolor="#669933"><td width="130" nowrap="nowrap">วัน-เวลา</td> <td width="40" nowrap="nowrap">ขนาด</td> <td width="50" nowrap="nowrap">lat</td> <td width="50" nowrap="nowrap">long</td> <td width="120" nowrap="nowrap">บริเวณที่ เกิด</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">ข้อมูลอื่นๆ</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"> <td valign="top">2553-08-02 13:42:44</td> <td valign="top">4.3</td> <td valign="top">18.51</td> <td valign="top">104.60</td> <td valign="top">ประเทศลาว</td> <td valign="top"> - ทางทิศตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือของ อ.บุ่งคล้า จ.หนองคาย ประมาณ 70 กม.</td></tr></tbody></table>

 

ใกล้ประเทศไทยมาก

<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><th align="center">MAG </th> <th align="center">UTC DATE-TIME
y/m/d h:m:s </th> <th align="center">LAT
deg </th> <th align="center">LON
deg </th> <th align="center">DEPTH
km </th> <th> Region</th> </tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 5.0 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/03 01:48:12 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 10.915 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 93.100 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 71.6 </td><td valign="top"> ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA REGION</td></tr></tbody></table>
10-degree Map Centered at 10°N,95°E

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ได้คำตอบจาก USGS มาแระ เดี๋ยวมาแปล หรือใครอาสาแปลหน่อยจิ

<table bgcolor="white" border="1" bordercolor="blue" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="600"><tbody><tr><td align="center" bgcolor="blue">งง เว็บต่างประเทศ วาดรอยต่อแผ่นเปลือกโลกผ่ากลางประเทศไทย </td></tr> <tr><td>
<table align="center" border="0" width="590"> <tbody><tr><td> จากเว็บ RSOE EDIS - Emergency and Disaster Information Service ให้ผู้อ่านซูมเข้าไปดูประเทศไทยไม่ต้องปรับอะไรนะครับ เป็นแบบผสมไปเลยครับ จะเห็นว่ารอยต่อของแผ่นเปลือกโลกนั้น ผ่ากลางประเทศไทยไป โดยเริ่มที่กาญจนบุรี ลากผ่านภาคกลาง แล้วผ่านภาคอีสานไปโดยปริยาย

ที่สำคัญ วันนี้ 2 สค.53 ยังมีแผ่นดินไหวขนาด 4.3 ริกเตอร์ ในประเทศลาวตอนกลาง ซึ่งอยู่ด้านบนของเส้นในเว็บนี้ ไปไม่ไกลมากอีกด้วย

มีช่องทางส่งเรื่องให้กรมธรณีวิทยาแบบง่ายๆหรือเปล่าครับ คือว่าอยากสอบถามมากครับ..................ทุกคนก็ลองติดตามดูครับ </td></tr> </tbody></table>
</td></tr> <tr><td> <table align="center" border="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td align="left"> </td> <td align="right"> โดยคุณ lord seyren Member [02-08-2010 17:26] </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table>





ได้คำตอบจาก USGS มาแระ

<table class="cf gJ" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td class="gF gK"><table class="cf gJ" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr class="UszGxc"><td class="g7"></td><td class="gG">from</td><td colspan="2" class="gL">B. Susan Rhea <rhea@usgs.gov></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="gG">to</td><td colspan="2" class="gL">falkman.reporter@gmail.com
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="gG">cc</td><td colspan="2" class="gL">Lisa A Wald <lisa@usgs.gov>,
Harold F Bolton <bolton@usgs.gov>,
Harley M Benz <benz@usgs.gov>
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="gG">date</td><td colspan="2" class="gL">5 August 2010 01:20</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="gG">subject</td><td colspan="2" class="gL">Re: Fwd: Fault line in Asia</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="gG">mailed-by</td><td colspan="2" class="gL">usgs.gov</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">
</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td class="gH">hide details 01:20 (10 hours ago)
</td><td class="gH cY8xve">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
Dear Mr Falkman,

The map you have referenced is not a USGS product, but upon examining it, and having some familiarity with the data,
I can make a good guess as to what is the line in Thailand.

Those boundaries look like the ones from the Bird publication on tectonic plate motions.
Bird, Peter, 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 4, no. 3, 52 p.

Bird did something I think very brave, and closed all the plate boundaries to resolve plate motion on a global scale.
That said, he made a lot of assumptions and conditions to "make it so".
Many of his boundaries are debated, and are the starting point for some very good research.

Meanwhile, map makers and data providers have to do something to display plate margins, his or otherwise, regardless of the state of the science about which ones are well defined on the ground.

Bird defines about 8 or so types of boundaries, Continental Convergent Boundary being one of them.
The line you see in Thailand is a CCB, and is where Bird decided to place the boundary between the
Sunda plate and the Eurasia plate.

The map at the URL seems to be using the Bird plates, unedited.
In our office at the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, we are in the process of generating maps in an online atlas.There are many microplates and subplates we are leaving off the Seismicity of the Earth maps, because they are so poorly understood and defined. Each one is a research paper.

I hope that answers your question, and perhaps you will look at the Seismicity of the Earth as the maps get published.

This work is being done this summer, and the website should be up within the month.
You can see the world map from a link on our home page http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
or at the publication website http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3064/
The Caribbean and Aleutians maps are published - they can be seen at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/<wbr>1083/a and
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/<wbr>1083/b.
The Kurils, Japan, and Nazca plate (South America) will be available very soon.

Susan Rhea
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Golden, CO
303 273 8639

All Federal e-mail, outgoing and incoming,
is permanently archived.

Please respond to this inquiry. Thanks.

 

<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 6.3 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/03 12:08:27 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 1.243 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 126.277 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 42.8 </td><td valign="top"> MOLUCCA SEA</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td valign="top"></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="30" nowrap="nowrap">


</td> <td valign="top" width="100%"> Green Earthquake Alert Indonesia</td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> Summary

On 8/3/2010 12:08:30 PM UTC (about 20:33h local time) an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in the unpopulated region of Molucca Sea in Indonesia. The earthquake happened 173km from Manado. The nearest populated places are: [None]. The closest civilian airport is Sam Ratulangi (166km).
Potentially affected critical infrastructure:

• Nuclear plants: [None]
• Hydrodams: [None]
• Airports: Sam Ratulangi (166km), Babullah (118km)
• Ports: [None]

Based on an automated impact model, this earthquake, which occurred in a region with high vulnerability to natural disasters, has potentially a low humanitarian impact.
Whether international humanitarian aid is needed must be decided by an expert.
<table><tbody><tr><td>Event Date Univ. Time: </td><td>Tue, 8/3/2010 12:08 UTC</td></tr> <tr><td>European Time of the event: </td><td>Tue, 8/3/2010 14:08 CEST (Brussels, Paris, Rome)</td></tr> <tr><td>East America Time of the event: </td><td>Tue, 8/3/2010 07:08 EST (New York, Washington)</td></tr> <tr><td>West America Time of the event: </td><td>Tue, 8/3/2010 04:08 PST (San Francisco, Los Angeles)</td></tr> <tr><td>East Asia Time of the event: </td><td>Tue, 8/3/2010 21:08 JTI (Tokyo)</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">This email report was automatically created by a computer at: 8/3/2010 12:28:47 PM UTC (20 minutes after the event)</td></tr> </tbody></table> See the GDACS website for live news coverage (including OCHA Situation Reports), the full earthquake report .
For information on emergency response, please consult the GDACS Virtual OSOCC.

Earthquake Event

Characteristics

• Source: World Data Centre for Seismology, Denver (NEIC) M
• Magnitude: 6.5 M
• Depth: 87 km
• Location (Lat/Long): 1.15 | 126.36
• Country: Indonesia
• Province:
• Region: Molucca Sea
• UTC/GMT (Greenwich time): 8/3/2010 12:08:30 PM
• Estimated local solar time: 8/3/2010 8:33:56 PM

Population Density near epicenter (people/km²). Image area: 6x4 decimal degrees (approx. 650x450km2).
Earthquake Impact Details

Potentially affected People

<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">

Population Data​

</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Radius (km)</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Density (people/km?)</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">10</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">20</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">50</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">100</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">200</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1795278 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">14 </td> </tr> </tbody></table> The population in the area of this earthquake is 0 people/km?.
The earthquake occurred at 20h local time. At this time a day, more people are at home and therefore more vulnerable to collapsing residential buildings. During traffic hours, people can be affected by collapsing bridges and other road infrastructure.
Resilience and Vulnerability

Resilience is the capacity of the population to cope with a hazard. Since much of investments in earthquake preparedness and available funds for quick response is related to household income, the GDP per capita can be used as a rough indicator of resilience.
Indonesia has a GDP per capita of 961 PPP$ (Parity Purchasing Power Dollar, about 1 Euro) and is therefore part of the low level income countries. Therefore, the earthquake happened in an area of low resilience.
Based on the combination of 9 indicators, ECHO attributes Indonesia a high vulnerability.
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px none;" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" valign="top"> ECHO Intervention Priority Ranking for Indonesia</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;" colspan="2" valign="top">

​

</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Overall situation</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">Human Development </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Human Poverty​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Exposure to Major Disasters</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Natural Disasters​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Conflicts​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Humanitarian effects of population movement</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Refugees</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Internally Displaced People</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Health and Nutrition</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Undernourishment</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Mortality rates</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Donor contributions</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Official Development assistance</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8">

​

</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top-style: solid;"> Source ECHO
Key: Bad - Medium - Good - No data</td></tr> </tbody></table> Secondary effects

Probability of secondary effects:

• Landslides: The maximum slope in the area of the earthquake is 12.142% and the maximum altitude is 282 m. Since this is a low slope, the risk of earthquake induced landslides is low. Note, however, that the slope data is not reliable on a local scale, while landslides depend very much on local topography, soil and meteorological conditions.
• Nuclear power plants: There are no nuclear facilities nearby the epicenter.
• Hydrodams: There are no hydrodam facilities nearby the epicenter.
• Tsunami: No tsunami risk.

 

เกิดอะไรขึ้น???

 

Updated 2010 Aug 03 2201 UTC Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity
SDF Number 215 Issued at 2200Z on 03 Aug 2010
Analysis of Solar Active Regions and Activity from 02/2100Z to 03/2100Z: Solar activity was very low. Region 1092 (N15W04) produced an isolated B-class flare. Region 1092 remained a stable Cho-type group with a beta magnetic configuration. No new regions were assigned.
Solar Activity Forecast: Solar activity is expected to be very low. However, there will be a chance for an isolated C-class flare from Region 1092.
Geophysical Activity Summary 02/2100Z to 03/2100Z: Geomagnetic field activity was at mostly quiet levels until late in the period. Activity increased to unsettled to active levels following a sudden geomagnetic impulse (SI) at 03/1741Z (21 nT, as measured by the Boulder USGS magnetometer). The SI was preceded by the arrival of an interplanetary shock at the ACE spacecraft at 03/1656Z. Both effects were due to the arrival of a CME associated with the long-duration C3 flare on 01 August. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit reached high levels during the period.



Geophysical Activity Forecast: Geomagnetic field activity is expected to be at unsettled to minor storm levels on day 1 (04 August) as the current CME passage continues. Activity is forecast to increase to active to minor storm levels with a chance for major storm levels on day 2 (05 August) due to the arrival of the halo-CME observed on 01 August (associated with a large filament disappearance). Activity is expected to decrease to unsettled to active levels on day 3 (06 August) as CME effects subside.

 

<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><th align="center">MAG </th> <th align="center">UTC DATE-TIME
y/m/d h:m:s </th> <th align="center">LAT
deg </th> <th align="center">LON
deg </th> <th align="center">DEPTH
km </th> <th> Region</th> </tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 6.1 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/04 04:46:16 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -27.040 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -176.280 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 10.0 </td><td valign="top"> KERMADEC ISLANDS REGION</td></tr></tbody></table>
10-degree Map Centered at 25°S,175°W

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;" width="150">

</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" width="100%"> RSOE Emergency and Disaster Information Service
Budapest, Hungary </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" height="1"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top" width="100%">Preliminary Earthquake Report</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top" width="100%"> Earthquake details
Magnitude: 6.1
Depth: 10.00 km
Latitude: <small>-27.0400</small>
Longitude: <small>-176.2800</small>
Date-Time:

• 2010-08-04 at 04:46:16 UTC
• Tuesday, August 03, 2010 at 17:46 in the afternoon at epicenter

Location:

• Continent: Pacific Ocean
• Country: Tonga
• State/County/Gov.:
• Location: `Ohonua
• Distances: 648.90 km Course: É
• Population: 1241 persons [Near the epicenter]

Data source:
<small>USGS</small>
Data processing and analisys:
<small>RSOE EDIS - Data Processing and Analisys System</small> </td> <td valign="top" width="500"> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top">
Risk Analisys
Nuclear Power Plant: <small>There are no nuclear facilties nearby the epicenter.</small>
Airport(s): <small>There are no airports nearby the epicenter.</small>
Port(s): <small>There are no marine ports nearby the epicenter.</small>
Volcanoes: <small>There are no volcanoes nearby the epicenter.</small>
</td></tr></tbody></table>

 

<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><th>
</th> <th align="center">MAG </th> <th align="center">UTC DATE-TIME
y/m/d h:m:s </th> <th align="center">LAT
deg </th> <th align="center">LON
deg </th> <th align="center">DEPTH
km </th> <th> Region</th> </tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 6.4 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/04 07:15:33 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -5.521 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 146.793 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">213.6 </td><td valign="top"> EASTERN NEW GUINEA REG, PAPUA NEW GUINEA</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 6.4 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/04 07:15:32 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -5.520 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 146.860 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">198.0 </td><td valign="top"> EASTERN NEW GUINEA REG, PAPUA NEW GUINEA</td></tr></tbody></table>
10-degree Map Centered at 5°S,145°E

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="100%">Green Earthquake Alert Papua New Guinea</td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> Summary

On 8/4/2010 7:15:32 AM UTC (about 17:02h local time) an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in the moderately populated region of Madang in Papua New Guinea. The nearest populated places are: [None]. The closest civilian airport is Saidor (45km).
Potentially affected critical infrastructure:

• Nuclear plants: [None]
• Hydrodams: [None]
• Airports: Bulolo (188km), Yegepa (196km), Umba (194km), Marawaka (193km), Tsewi (185km), Zenag (161km), Engati (177km), Tsili Tsili (158km), Wonenara (179km), Wagau (142km), Imane (157km), Singaua (135km), Finschhafen (164km), Yasuru (141km), Nadzab (118km), Gnarowein (135km), Makini (147km), Pindiu (135km), Ogeranang (114km), Boana (100km), Bawan (98km), Kabwum (113km), Kasanombe (98km), Kisengan (94km), Masa (126km), Aiyura (139km), Baindoung (91km), Lowai (94km), Siwea (114km), Kaiapit (107km), Nambaiyufa (197km), Arona (128km), Mindik (114km), Dinangat (73km), Konge (111km), Yalumet (74km), Derim (65km), Sialum (104km), Sapmanga (64km), Goroka (174km), Gusap (115km), Wantoat (78km), Indagen (60km), Kelanoa (89km), Wasu (69km), Satwag (127km), Dumpu (128km), Nankina (57km), Tauta (109km), Bundi (183km), Moki (179km), Brahman (166km), Lablab (134km), Saidor (45km), Kopiago (160km), Biliau (57km), Teptep (82km)
• Ports: [None]

Based on an automated impact model, this earthquake, which occurred in a region with medium vulnerability to natural disasters, has potentially a low humanitarian impact.
Whether international humanitarian aid is needed must be decided by an expert.
<table><tbody><tr><td>Event Date Univ. Time: </td><td>Wed, 8/4/2010 07:15 UTC</td></tr> <tr><td>European Time of the event: </td><td>Wed, 8/4/2010 09:15 CEST (Brussels, Paris, Rome)</td></tr> <tr><td>East America Time of the event: </td><td>Wed, 8/4/2010 02:15 EST (New York, Washington)</td></tr> <tr><td>West America Time of the event: </td><td>Tue, 8/3/2010 23:15 PST (San Francisco, Los Angeles)</td></tr> <tr><td>East Asia Time of the event: </td><td>Wed, 8/4/2010 16:15 JTI (Tokyo)</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">This email report was automatically created by a computer at: 8/4/2010 7:38:15 AM UTC (22 minutes after the event)</td></tr> </tbody></table> See the GDACS website for live news coverage (including OCHA Situation Reports), the full earthquake report .
For information on emergency response, please consult the GDACS Virtual OSOCC.

Earthquake Event

Characteristics

• Source: World Data Centre for Seismology, Denver (NEIC) M
• Magnitude: 6.5 M
• Depth: 198 km
• Location (Lat/Long): -5.52 | 146.86
• Country: Papua New Guinea
• Province: Madang
• Region: Eastern New Guinea Region
• UTC/GMT (Greenwich time): 8/4/2010 7:15:32 AM
• Estimated local solar time: 8/4/2010 5:02:58 PM

Population Density near epicenter (people/km²). Image area: 6x4 decimal degrees (approx. 650x450km2).
Earthquake Impact Details

Potentially affected People

<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">

Population Data​

</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Radius (km)</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Density (people/km?)</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">10</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">20</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">50</td> <td style="text-align: right;">28100 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">3 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">100</td> <td style="text-align: right;">88280 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">200</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1270082 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">10 </td> </tr> </tbody></table> The population in the area of this earthquake is 3 people/km?.
The earthquake occurred at 17h local time. At this time a day, more people are at work and therefore more vulnerable to collapsing office buildings. During traffic hours, people can be affected by collapsing bridges and other road infrastructure.
Resilience and Vulnerability

Resilience is the capacity of the population to cope with a hazard. Since much of investments in earthquake preparedness and available funds for quick response is related to household income, the GDP per capita can be used as a rough indicator of resilience.
Papua New Guinea has a GDP per capita of 1007 PPP$ (Parity Purchasing Power Dollar, about 1 Euro) and is therefore part of the low level income countries. Therefore, the earthquake happened in an area of low resilience.
Based on the combination of 9 indicators, ECHO attributes Papua New Guinea a medium vulnerability.
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px none;" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" valign="top"> ECHO Intervention Priority Ranking for Papua New Guinea</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;" colspan="2" valign="top">

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</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Overall situation</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">Human Development </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Human Poverty​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Exposure to Major Disasters</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Natural Disasters​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Conflicts​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Humanitarian effects of population movement</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Refugees</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Internally Displaced People</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Health and Nutrition</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Undernourishment</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Mortality rates</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Donor contributions</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Official Development assistance</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8">

​

</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top-style: solid;"> Source ECHO
Key: Bad - Medium - Good - No data</td></tr> </tbody></table> Secondary effects

Probability of secondary effects:

• Landslides: The maximum slope in the area of the earthquake is 59.157% and the maximum altitude is 3981 m. Since this is a medium slope, the risk of earthquake induced landslides is medium. Note, however, that the slope data is not reliable on a local scale, while landslides depend very much on local topography, soil and meteorological conditions.
• Nuclear power plants: There are no nuclear facilities nearby the epicenter.
• Hydrodams: There are no hydrodam facilities nearby the epicenter.
• Tsunami: No tsunami risk.

 

ฮ่าๆๆๆๆๆๆ ทำไมไหวแล้วเงินในมือถือหมดอ่ะ

เมื่อคืนนี้ กะแล้วว่าต้องมีแบบแรงๆ ดูจากแม่เหล็กโลกดิ แปรปรวนมาก แบบว่า หู โห .... แต่ว่าเห็น sms แล้ว แต่ไม่ได้เอาคอมกลับบ้าน แป่วมั๊ก แล้วเห็นว่ามันห่างไกลไปหน่อยเลย ตื่นมาดูเฉยๆ :boo:

วันนี้ก็น่าระวังมากๆ มันเหวี่ยงสุดๆ นะ

 

Update time = Thu Aug 5 6:19:28 UTC 2010


<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th align="center">MAG </th> <th align="center">UTC DATE-TIME
y/m/d h:m:s </th> <th align="center">LAT
deg </th> <th align="center">LON
deg </th> <th align="center">DEPTH
km </th> <th> Region</th> </tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 5.7 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 06:01:48 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -37.362 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -73.341 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 16.2 </td><td valign="top"> BIO-BIO, CHILE</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 5.6 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 05:09:27 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -6.138 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 150.533 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 69.8 </td><td valign="top"> NEW BRITAIN REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 4.7 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 04:52:49 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -17.078 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -70.294 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 93.4 </td><td valign="top"> SOUTHERN PERU</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 2.5 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 02:53:21 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 32.663 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -115.928 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 4.0 </td><td valign="top"> SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 4.7 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 02:09:37 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -4.892 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 131.102 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 62.4 </td><td valign="top"> BANDA SEA</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 2.5 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 01:38:36 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 57.452 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -156.222 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 96.8 </td><td valign="top"> ALASKA PENINSULA</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 5.1 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 01:12:46 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -5.974 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 150.571 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 35.0 </td><td valign="top"> NEW BRITAIN REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 4.8 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 00:04:18 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 43.585 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -110.440 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 5.0 </td><td valign="top"> WYOMING</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 3.0 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/05 00:04:03 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 43.585 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -110.438 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 5.0 </td><td valign="top"> WYOMING</td></tr> </tbody></table><hr> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th align="center">MAG </th> <th align="center">UTC DATE-TIME
y/m/d h:m:s </th> <th align="center">LAT
deg </th> <th align="center">LON
deg </th> <th align="center">DEPTH
km </th> <th> Region</th> </tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 6.0 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/04 23:48:03 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 45.964 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 153.216 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 33.6 </td><td valign="top"> EAST OF THE KURIL ISLANDS</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 3.3 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/04 22:27:06 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 57.196 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -155.605 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 66.8 </td><td valign="top"> ALASKA PENINSULA</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 7.0 </td><td align="center" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">2010/08/04 22:01:44 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> -5.768 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 150.776 </td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> 44.0 </td><td valign="top"> NEW BRITAIN REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td valign="top"></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="30" nowrap="nowrap">


</td> <td valign="top" width="100%"> Green Earthquake Alert Chile</td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> Summary

On 8/5/2010 6:01:47 AM UTC (about 01:06h local time) an earthquake of magnitude 5.8 occurred in the moderately populated region of Bio-Bio in Chile. The earthquake happened 86km from Concepci?n. The nearest populated places are: Frutillar (16km). The closest civilian airport is La Playa (48km).
Potentially affected critical infrastructure:

• Nuclear plants: [None]
• Hydrodams: [None]
• Airports: Maquehue (181km), Victoria (154km), Los Angeles (115km), La Playa (48km), Siberia (148km), Carriel Sur International (90km), General Bernardo O Higgins (175km)
• Ports: Lebu (24km), Puerto Yana (6km), Lota (59km), Coronel (64km), San Vicente (90km), Lirquen (101km), Talca (95km), Talcahuano (96km), Tome (109km)

Based on an automated impact model, this earthquake, which occurred in a region with low vulnerability to natural disasters, has potentially a low humanitarian impact.
Whether international humanitarian aid is needed must be decided by an expert.
<table><tbody><tr><td>Event Date Univ. Time: </td><td>Thu, 8/5/2010 06:01 UTC</td></tr> <tr><td>European Time of the event: </td><td>Thu, 8/5/2010 08:01 CEST (Brussels, Paris, Rome)</td></tr> <tr><td>East America Time of the event: </td><td>Thu, 8/5/2010 01:01 EST (New York, Washington)</td></tr> <tr><td>West America Time of the event: </td><td>Wed, 8/4/2010 22:01 PST (San Francisco, Los Angeles)</td></tr> <tr><td>East Asia Time of the event: </td><td>Thu, 8/5/2010 15:01 JTI (Tokyo)</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">This email report was automatically created by a computer at: 8/5/2010 6:24:49 AM UTC (23 minutes after the event)</td></tr> </tbody></table> See the GDACS website for live news coverage (including OCHA Situation Reports), the full earthquake report .
For information on emergency response, please consult the GDACS Virtual OSOCC.

Earthquake Event

Characteristics

• Source: World Data Centre for Seismology, Denver (NEIC) M
• Magnitude: 5.8 M
• Depth: 27 km
• Location (Lat/Long): -37.384 | -73.725
• Country: Chile
• Province: Bio-Bio
• Region: Offshore Bio-bio
• UTC/GMT (Greenwich time): 8/5/2010 6:01:47 AM
• Estimated local solar time: 8/5/2010 1:06:53 AM

Population Density near epicenter (people/km²). Image area: 6x4 decimal degrees (approx. 650x450km2).
Earthquake Impact Details

Potentially affected People

<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">

Population Data​

</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Radius (km)</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Density (people/km?)</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">10</td> <td style="text-align: right;">517 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">20</td> <td style="text-align: right;">6616 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">5 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">50</td> <td style="text-align: right;">109010 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">13 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">100</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1140260 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">36 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;">200</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2670479 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">21 </td> </tr> </tbody></table> The population in the area of this earthquake is 13 people/km?.
The earthquake occurred at 1h local time. At this time a day, more people are at home and therefore more vulnerable to collapsing residential buildings. During traffic hours, people can be affected by collapsing bridges and other road infrastructure.
Resilience and Vulnerability

Resilience is the capacity of the population to cope with a hazard. Since much of investments in earthquake preparedness and available funds for quick response is related to household income, the GDP per capita can be used as a rough indicator of resilience.
Chile has a GDP per capita of 5121 PPP$ (Parity Purchasing Power Dollar, about 1 Euro) and is therefore part of the medium level income countries. Therefore, the earthquake happened in an area of medium resilience.
Based on the combination of 9 indicators, ECHO attributes Chile a low vulnerability.
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px none;" border="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" valign="top"> ECHO Intervention Priority Ranking for Chile</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;" colspan="2" valign="top">

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</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Overall situation</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">Human Development </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Human Poverty​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Exposure to Major Disasters</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Natural Disasters​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top">

Conflicts​

</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Humanitarian effects of population movement</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Refugees</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Internally Displaced People</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Health and Nutrition</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Undernourishment</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Mortality rates</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ecdb88" valign="top"> Donor contributions</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium;" valign="top"> Official Development assistance</td> <td style="text-align: center; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium;" valign="top" width="8">

​

</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top-style: solid;"> Source ECHO
Key: Bad - Medium - Good - No data</td></tr> </tbody></table> Secondary effects

Probability of secondary effects:

• Landslides: The maximum slope in the area of the earthquake is 32.883% and the maximum altitude is 1442 m. Since this is a medium slope, the risk of earthquake induced landslides is medium. Note, however, that the slope data is not reliable on a local scale, while landslides depend very much on local topography, soil and meteorological conditions.
• Nuclear power plants: There are no nuclear facilities nearby the epicenter.
• Hydrodams: There are no hydrodam facilities nearby the epicenter.
• Tsunami: No tsunami risk.

 

ได้คำตอบมาจาก USGS แล้วนะ เดี๋ยวมาแปล

เมื่อกี้ใส่ผิดกระทู้ อิอิ เดี๋ยวมาแปล

 

เอาคร่าวๆ นะ

แผนที่ที่คุณอ้างถึง ไม่ใช่ผลิตภัณฑ์จาก USGS แต่ที่ตรวจดูและมีที่มีความคุ้นเคยกับข้อมูล ชั้นสามารถเดาได้เกี่ยวกับเส้นในประเทศไทย

เส้นพวกนี้คล้ายๆ กับเส้นจาก Bird ที่เค้าวาดลงไป เรื่องเกี่ยวกับการเคลื่อนตัวของแผ่นเปลือกโลก จากเปลี่ยนแปลงของผิวโลกเนื่องจากภูเขาไฟแผ่นดินไหว. Bird, Peter ในปี 2003 มีการอัพเดทดิจิตอลโมเดลของของเปลือกโลกทุกแผ่น Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 4, no. 3, 52 p.

Bird ทำอะไรบางอย่างที่ชั้นคิดว่ากล้าหาญมากและปิดเส้นรอบเปลือกโลกทั้งหมดเพื่อ จะแก้ปัญหาการเคลื่อนของเปลือกโลกต่างๆ นั่นหมายความว่า เค้า(Bird) ตั้งสมมุติฐานและเงื่อนไขต่างๆ เพื่อทำมันขึ้นมา เส้นรอบเปลือกโลกหลายๆ อันของเค้าก็ยังมีปัญหา แต่เป็นจุดเริ่มสำหรับการวิจัยดีๆ

ระหว่างนี้ผู้ที่เอาทำแผนที่และผู้ที่ใช้ข้อมูลเพื่อแสดงแผ่นของเปลือกโลก ต่างๆ เอาเส้นของ Bird มาใช้ ไม่อย่างนั้นในทางวิทยาศาสตร์ก็ไม่สามารถบอกได้ว่าอันไหนเป็นเส้นที่ถูกต้อง ที่ตั้งอยู่บนเปลือกโลก

เบิร์ดให้นิยามประมาณ 8 อย่างของเส้นรอบแผ่นโลก การบรรจบกันของทวีปก็คือ หนึ่งในนิยามของเบิร์ด เส้นที่คุณเห็นในประเทศไทยคือ CCB และ เบิร์ดก็ตัดสินใจวางเส้นนั้นระหว่าง แผ่น Sunda และ แผ่น Eurosia

แผนที่ที่คุณให้มา ราวกับว่าเค้าใช้เส้นที่เบิร์ดวาดไว้(ไม่ได้แก้ไขอะไร)
ในที่ทำงานของเรา USGS Earthquake Hazards Program เราก็กำลังสร้างแผนที่ในออนไลน์แอดลาส มีหลายๆ แผ่นเล็กๆ หรือ แผ่นย่อยๆ ที่เราไม่ได้ใส่ไว้ใน แผนที่โลก เพราะว่ามันยากที่จะเข้าใจและยากที่จะบ่งบอก แต่ละอันคือผลงานวิจัยทั้งนั้น

ชั้นหวังว่าคำตอบของชั้นจะตอบคำถามของคุณนะ และคุณไปดูแผนที่ที่ใส่เอาไว้ แผนที่พวกนี้เราทำเสร็จในช่วงฤดูร้อน และในเวบน่าจะขึ้นได้ภายในเดือนนี้ คุณสามารถดูแผนที่ได้ตามลิ้งค์ ในโฮมเพจของเรา

Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2007

By Arthur C. Tarr,¹ Antonio Villaseñor,² Kevin P. Furlong,³ Susan Rhea,⁴ and Harley M. Benz⁴

¹ U.S. Geological Survey, Emeritus, Box 25046, MS 966, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA
² Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC, Lluis Solé i Sabarîs s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
³ Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802 USA
⁴ U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, MS 966, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA
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<!-- BEGIN Abstract Text --> This map illustrates more than one century of global seismicity in the context of global plate tectonics and the Earth's physiography. Primarily designed for use by earth scientists and engineers interested in earthquake hazards of the 20th and early 21st centuries, this map provides a comprehensive overview of strong earthquakes since 1900. The map clearly identifies the location of the "great" earthquakes (M8.0 and larger) and the rupture area, if known, of the M8.3 or larger earthquakes. The earthquake symbols are scaled proportional to the moment magnitude and therefore to the area of faulting, thus providing a better understanding of the relative sizes and distribution of earthquakes in the magnitude range 5.5 to 9.5. Plotting the known rupture area of the largest earthquakes also provides a better appreciation of the extent of some of the most famous and damaging earthquakes in modern history. All earthquakes shown on the map were carefully relocated using a standard earth reference model and standardized location procedures, thereby eliminating gross errors and biases in locations of historically important earthquakes that are often found in numerous seismicity catalogs.

Seismicity of the Earth 1900—2007, Caribbean Plate and Vicinity

<!-- Author or Editor --> Compiled by Arthur C. Tarr, Susan Rhea, Gavin Hayes, Antonio Villaseñor, Kevin P. Furlong, and Harley Benz

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Extensive diversity of tectonic regimes characterizes the perimeter of the Caribbean plate, involving no fewer than four major adjacent plates (North America, South America, Nazca, and Cocos). Inclined zones of deep earthquakes (Wadati-Benioff zones), deep ocean trenches, and arcs of volcanoes clearly indicate subduction of oceanic lithosphere along the Central American and Atlantic Ocean margins of the Caribbean plate, while shallow seismicity and focal mechanisms of major shocks in Guatemala, northern Venezuela, and the Cayman Ridge and Cayman Trench indicate transform fault and pull-apart basin tectonics.
The depth profile panels on this map portray earthquakes that extend from the Middle America Trench axis in the west to depths as great as 300 km beneath Guatemala, and from the Lesser Antilles Trench axis in the east to depths of approximately 200 km beneath Guadeloupe and the northeast Caribbean. In contrast, seismicity along the segments off the Caribbean plate margins from Guatemala to Hispaniola and from Trinidad to western Venezuela is indicative of transform

Seismicity of the Earth 1900—2007, Aleutian Arc and Vicinity

<!-- Author or Editor --> Compiled by Susan Rhea, Arthur C. Tarr, Gavin Hayes, Antonio Villaseñor, Kevin P. Furlong, and Harley Benz

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This map shows details of the Aleutian arc not visible in an earlier publication. The Aleutian arc extends about 3,000 km from the Gulf of Alaska to the Kamchatka Peninsula. It marks the region where the Pacific plate subducts into the mantle beneath the North America plate. This subduction is responsible for the generation of the Aleutian Islands and the deep offshore Aleutian Trench. Relative to a fixed North America plate, the Pacific plate is moving northwest at a rate that increases from about 55 mm per year at the arc's eastern edge to 75 mm per year near its western terminus. In the east, the convergence of the plates is nearly perpendicular to the plate boundary. However, because of the boundary's curvature, as one travels westward along the arc, the subduction becomes more and more oblique to the boundary until the relative plate motion becomes parallel to the arc at the Near Islands near its western edge.


The Kurils, Japan, and Nazca plate (South America) will be available very soon.เดี๋ยวตามมาด้วยแผ่นพวกนี้